35th Birthday Announcement Text Invitation

After the revolutions of Tunisia and Egypt, an "intifada" People Is it possible in Mauritania?

What happened in Tunisia and Egypt, is it possible in Mauritania? ". This question is often these days in Nouakchott and nagging elites, the street and Mauritanian political leaders since the flight of Ben Ali and the protests against the regime of Hosni Mubarak. For

Boubakar Moussa Ba, senior vice president of the Union of Forces for Progress (UFP, opposition): "As citizens of Tunisian and Egyptian, a Mauritanian set himself on fire. His action follows from the distress and the despair of a citizen facing injustice and clan management of national affairs by the government, especially by the Head of State Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. This act takes place in a particular context where Tunisia and Egypt, two brotherly countries where citizens suffer from the mafia and clan management of Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak. Evidently, such acts and other more serious could spread or even worsen if the government continues to Mauritanian apply the same policy that Ben Ali and Mubarak. " Same logic of reasoning in Ahmed Ould Daddah, president of the Rally of Democratic Forces (RFD) and Leader of the Opposition Democratic Mauritania, during a meeting held last week at El Mina (Nouakchott): "A replica of Tunisian scenario is possible in Mauritania, where the personal power of Ould Abdel Aziz pushes thousands of unemployed graduates to twist of hunger in shantytowns with no prospect. We have warned several times without success. Ould Abdel Aziz has an interest in meditation and learn from the revolutions of the Arab street. " Messaoud Ould Boulkheïir, president of the National Assembly in Mauritania and Chief People's Progressive Alliance (APP Opposition) believes that the country is not immune to the "popular uprisings or threats of unexpected radical changes." This leader has Haratine, in a speech at the opening of a special session of Parliament, Thursday, January 27, 2011, called for "dialogue between the majority and the opposition to cope with difficult market conditions marked by unemployment and dramatic rise in prices. " Mohamed Ould El Kory, communications director at ANAIR and responsible to the Political Committee of the Union for the Republic (UPR, the ruling party in Mauritania): "At most, we have never claimed that Mauritania is immune to the thunder of history, but our people's revolution, it was made in July 2009 by electing to the highest office President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz who has joined the Mauritanians and which presented the history of our country on the move all the cons still. But since the defeat of all its candidates in the presidential election in Mauritania in July 2009, (President of the National Assembly, Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, the historical opponent Ahmed Ould Daddah, the Islamist Jemil Mansour, former Chief of State Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall ...), opposition has the annoying habit of giving insult, where it lacks arguments. Obviously, these opponents know that Mauritania is not an exact copy of Tunisia or Egypt. There are no political prisoners in Mauritania today. Speaker Aziz has set up a true democratic rule of law, modern, supportive and conducive to progress and equity. That's what leader, imbued with popular legitimacy, which has taken the historic and courageous resolve humanitarian issues arising from two decades of injustice. The organized return of more than 21,000 black Mauritanians deported and settling debts humanitarian. It is not forgotten. By its presence in the Great Prayer Kaédi President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz has invited all Mauritanians to seal national reconciliation and to transcend, in a fit of religious faith and patriotic solidarity, the vicissitudes, the rancor, the sadness, resentment and pain born of two decades of injustice. In its final settlement of liabilities and humanitarian achievement of a national strategy to strengthen all the factors of social cohesion between communities of returnees and host President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz today offers the opportunity for Mauritania to set itself up as an example, to be proud of its diversity and to expand its influence internationally. On poor people in neighborhoods, Speaker Aziz has always been the bearer of their hopes. Tens of thousands of land were distributed to the disenfranchised neighborhoods of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou who were languishing in inhuman situations arising from injustices and sufferings of several decades. These last two years, President of the Republic, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz has equipped more hospitals, more than holes built, more roads in urban areas, more classrooms that pension Mokhtar Ould Daddah, Saleck Ould Ould Haidalla, Maaouiya Ould Taya, Ely Ould Mohamed Vall and Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi meeting . Speaker Aziz launched a major campaign against mismanagement and its authors to comply with public money and value of natural resources of the country. The President himself has moved in the Triangle of poverty in Aftout where villages were abandoned by Haratine entire national community. He was to inaugurate several basic social programs. Several roads are being perform in the state capital of Mauritania, in this area Aftout East. Without lobbying tribal chiefs or regional advocacy groups, the project of President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, at a cost of 84 million U.S. dollars, will open up all the villages of Haratine Vrei Imijij, Tourey 1, Tourey 2, Barkéoel, Esswata El Vet'h, Benar, Tadioukel, Male, El Jedida, Bofal, Boulehrath 1, Boulehrath 2, Koumben, R'dheydii, Bathet Tmedek El Mebrouk. Certainly, much remains to be done. Certainly, inequality, injustice, poverty continues to weaken our society. But we have in ourselves, in this Mauritania news, all the assets of a start, beginning with a wonderful youth, hungry for justice, eager to work when she is ready to initiate and create. Our first duty is to give him every chance by making more effective our educational system. And in this light, we saw a first in Mauritania: President of the Republic who went to the University and freewheeling discussion with students about their problems in a large lecture hall. Just after the President Aziz laid the foundation stone of the university campus in Nouakchott, and finally determines the problem transportation of pupils and students by creating a national transportation company that begins to solve the problem of urban transport in the capital. Recently, the President instructed the government Aziz to accentuate the efforts to continue in the direction of lower prices of staple foods to alleviate the Mauritanian households. On dialogue, the President has always Aziz announced its commitment to openness and dialogue with all political forces. " And the responsible party in power in Mauritania to conclude: "The President of the Republic, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, is by his office above the fray. In the UPR, we remain committed to dialogue but we must define its contours and content. And of course the contours of this dialogue are in the configuration of a precondition without which no exchange, no dialogue, but mostly no dialogue is possible. The first assumption is that most government and the opposition participates in collective deliberation. But we must recognize that the leaders of the Mauritanian opposition that you quoted, Boubakar Ba Moussa, Ahmed Ould Daddah, Messaoud Ould Boulkheir have behind their political future and need to generate a renewal of the political class. "

Source: Mauritanie24 on 30/01/2011

35th Birthday Announcement Text Invitation

After the revolutions of Tunisia and Egypt, an "intifada" People Is it possible in Mauritania?

What happened in Tunisia and Egypt, is it possible in Mauritania? ". This question is often these days in Nouakchott and nagging elites, the street and Mauritanian political leaders since the flight of Ben Ali and the protests against the regime of Hosni Mubarak. For

Boubakar Moussa Ba, senior vice president of the Union of Forces for Progress (UFP, opposition): "As citizens of Tunisian and Egyptian, a Mauritanian set himself on fire. His action follows from the distress and the despair of a citizen facing injustice and clan management of national affairs by the government, especially by the Head of State Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. This act takes place in a particular context where Tunisia and Egypt, two brotherly countries where citizens suffer from the mafia and clan management of Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak. Evidently, such acts and other more serious could spread or even worsen if the government continues to Mauritanian apply the same policy that Ben Ali and Mubarak. " Same logic of reasoning in Ahmed Ould Daddah, president of the Rally of Democratic Forces (RFD) and Leader of the Opposition Democratic Mauritania, during a meeting held last week at El Mina (Nouakchott): "A replica of Tunisian scenario is possible in Mauritania, where the personal power of Ould Abdel Aziz pushes thousands of unemployed graduates to twist of hunger in shantytowns with no prospect. We have warned several times without success. Ould Abdel Aziz has an interest in meditation and learn from the revolutions of the Arab street. " Messaoud Ould Boulkheïir, president of the National Assembly in Mauritania and Chief People's Progressive Alliance (APP Opposition) believes that the country is not immune to the "popular uprisings or threats of unexpected radical changes." This leader has Haratine, in a speech at the opening of a special session of Parliament, Thursday, January 27, 2011, called for "dialogue between the majority and the opposition to cope with difficult market conditions marked by unemployment and dramatic rise in prices. " Mohamed Ould El Kory, communications director at ANAIR and responsible to the Political Committee of the Union for the Republic (UPR, the ruling party in Mauritania): "At most, we have never claimed that Mauritania is immune to the thunder of history, but our people's revolution, it was made in July 2009 by electing to the highest office President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz who has joined the Mauritanians and which presented the history of our country on the move all the cons still. But since the defeat of all its candidates in the presidential election in Mauritania in July 2009, (President of the National Assembly, Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, the historical opponent Ahmed Ould Daddah, the Islamist Jemil Mansour, former Chief of State Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall ...), opposition has the annoying habit of giving insult, where it lacks arguments. Obviously, these opponents know that Mauritania is not an exact copy of Tunisia or Egypt. There are no political prisoners in Mauritania today. Speaker Aziz has set up a true democratic rule of law, modern, supportive and conducive to progress and equity. That's what leader, imbued with popular legitimacy, which has taken the historic and courageous resolve humanitarian issues arising from two decades of injustice. The organized return of more than 21,000 black Mauritanians deported and settling debts humanitarian. It is not forgotten. By its presence in the Great Prayer Kaédi President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz has invited all Mauritanians to seal national reconciliation and to transcend, in a fit of religious faith and patriotic solidarity, the vicissitudes, the rancor, the sadness, resentment and pain born of two decades of injustice. In its final settlement of liabilities and humanitarian achievement of a national strategy to strengthen all the factors of social cohesion between communities of returnees and host President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz today offers the opportunity for Mauritania to set itself up as an example, to be proud of its diversity and to expand its influence internationally. On poor people in neighborhoods, Speaker Aziz has always been the bearer of their hopes. Tens of thousands of land were distributed to the disenfranchised neighborhoods of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou who were languishing in inhuman situations arising from injustices and sufferings of several decades. These last two years, President of the Republic, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz has equipped more hospitals, more than holes built, more roads in urban areas, more classrooms that pension Mokhtar Ould Daddah, Saleck Ould Ould Haidalla, Maaouiya Ould Taya, Ely Ould Mohamed Vall and Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi meeting . Speaker Aziz launched a major campaign against mismanagement and its authors to comply with public money and value of natural resources of the country. The President himself has moved in the Triangle of poverty in Aftout where villages were abandoned by Haratine entire national community. He was to inaugurate several basic social programs. Several roads are being perform in the state capital of Mauritania, in this area Aftout East. Without lobbying tribal chiefs or regional advocacy groups, the project of President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, at a cost of 84 million U.S. dollars, will open up all the villages of Haratine Vrei Imijij, Tourey 1, Tourey 2, Barkéoel, Esswata El Vet'h, Benar, Tadioukel, Male, El Jedida, Bofal, Boulehrath 1, Boulehrath 2, Koumben, R'dheydii, Bathet Tmedek El Mebrouk. Certainly, much remains to be done. Certainly, inequality, injustice, poverty continues to weaken our society. But we have in ourselves, in this Mauritania news, all the assets of a start, beginning with a wonderful youth, hungry for justice, eager to work when she is ready to initiate and create. Our first duty is to give him every chance by making more effective our educational system. And in this light, we saw a first in Mauritania: President of the Republic who went to the University and freewheeling discussion with students about their problems in a large lecture hall. Just after the President Aziz laid the foundation stone of the university campus in Nouakchott, and finally determines the problem transportation of pupils and students by creating a national transportation company that begins to solve the problem of urban transport in the capital. Recently, the President instructed the government Aziz to accentuate the efforts to continue in the direction of lower prices of staple foods to alleviate the Mauritanian households. On dialogue, the President has always Aziz announced its commitment to openness and dialogue with all political forces. " And the responsible party in power in Mauritania to conclude: "The President of the Republic, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, is by his office above the fray. In the UPR, we remain committed to dialogue but we must define its contours and content. And of course the contours of this dialogue are in the configuration of a precondition without which no exchange, no dialogue, but mostly no dialogue is possible. The first assumption is that most government and the opposition participates in collective deliberation. But we must recognize that the leaders of the Mauritanian opposition that you quoted, Boubakar Ba Moussa, Ahmed Ould Daddah, Messaoud Ould Boulkheir have behind their political future and need to generate a renewal of the political class. "

Source: Mauritanie24 on 30/01/2011

Fpb Cr Card/telephone

amateur and professional time: a frenzy of crying Mauritanian

It is democracy, and democracy''is also the institutional right to say stupid things.'' Casual, I'm not going to sacrifice myself. But I'm neurotic, dreary, tears easily, sometimes bulimic, anorexic now. I wanted to see Carthage and relive the epic Dynasty Husseinites, I am disappointed ... Tunisia does not make me dream more. Fantasies in Hammamet, it's over. It seems that the dance of the Apocalypse jasmine approach Mauritania.

I'm afraid, I'm worried. At the last Council of Ministers (no claims, no, they smile at TVM recently), there has been welcome among the nominees of the UPR, and dismissed that made nonsense. These may be disappointed will swell the ranks of scattered opposition, which is in great need. Here in this moment the coordination of parties Massoud Battah and others, wants a true, she has taken the bull by the horns, and Ould Daddah, who missed out in his political dreams of unifying leader now . The revolution of jasmine has reinvigorated a brand new tone to exploit presto.

I think it's great, yes, but the problem is that President Aziz has knocked on the tatami with his credo of the people to fight against predation, extortion, and other practices hated years of coals. Speaker of us beggars of the Republic, is a visionary and a divinely art Oulad Deyman, assassinated the COD and Co. with his latest testimony, which was inspired by Mitterrand with his quiet strength and roses that never end not bite those who dare to cross swords. Massoud Dadddah are still stunned the poor.

Tunisian syndrome is highly contagious, it is Ben Ali told me last night in a collect call from Jeddah. I railed against my facebook page with my ad on homegrown art of healing by hjab distress. Raiss and rediscovered the joy of the net free, without the cursed number 404. Yeah, the regent was in tears and he wanted to have a good hjab chinguitiens of which are known in the United Wahabi ... well, me at the moment I am in all my misfortunes and Leila (and her friend Sophia, shampooing) and her husband who swallowed everything, even the jasmine, leave me indifferent.
I'm in a state of levitation, I ponder, I fumed, O rage, O despair .... The question is not simple, even I myself, who has disappeared, lost in the darkness when I Ponder. In the beginning was a vision, a breath from another world, the galaxy Mandingo Warriors, who knocked my soul in distress in her solitude. I am currently classified in the phobic lonely, but my synapses do not like the pills, everything is short-circuited''''in my body.

I no longer assumes this confusion, this cry in my lonely night. My country is poor, I am good for nothing and my genetic code must be boiled.
My humanity is lost. My cry of despair that I started to another, one who sees more, hears more, the dark, the cynic, the one who made me lose my humanity, still echoes in my head.
Maybe you do not got it to gibberish. Me either. It is a cry of rage that I run, like a bottle on the side of the ruins of Timiris.
I think the Marquis de Sade, when he says "There is no kind of feeling that is stronger than that of pain, his impressions are safe, they do not deceive like fun.." Tunisian revolution is already in us. Human stupidity consumed us, and no need immolation Fashionable jasmine.


MAM S.



me and I loved you?
LM

Fpb Cr Card/telephone

amateur and professional time: a frenzy of crying Mauritanian

It is democracy, and democracy''is also the institutional right to say stupid things.'' Casual, I'm not going to sacrifice myself. But I'm neurotic, dreary, tears easily, sometimes bulimic, anorexic now. I wanted to see Carthage and relive the epic Dynasty Husseinites, I am disappointed ... Tunisia does not make me dream more. Fantasies in Hammamet, it's over. It seems that the dance of the Apocalypse jasmine approach Mauritania.

I'm afraid, I'm worried. At the last Council of Ministers (no claims, no, they smile at TVM recently), there has been welcome among the nominees of the UPR, and dismissed that made nonsense. These may be disappointed will swell the ranks of scattered opposition, which is in great need. Here in this moment the coordination of parties Massoud Battah and others, wants a true, she has taken the bull by the horns, and Ould Daddah, who missed out in his political dreams of unifying leader now . The revolution of jasmine has reinvigorated a brand new tone to exploit presto.

I think it's great, yes, but the problem is that President Aziz has knocked on the tatami with his credo of the people to fight against predation, extortion, and other practices hated years of coals. Speaker of us beggars of the Republic, is a visionary and a divinely art Oulad Deyman, assassinated the COD and Co. with his latest testimony, which was inspired by Mitterrand with his quiet strength and roses that never end not bite those who dare to cross swords. Massoud Dadddah are still stunned the poor.

Tunisian syndrome is highly contagious, it is Ben Ali told me last night in a collect call from Jeddah. I railed against my facebook page with my ad on homegrown art of healing by hjab distress. Raiss and rediscovered the joy of the net free, without the cursed number 404. Yeah, the regent was in tears and he wanted to have a good hjab chinguitiens of which are known in the United Wahabi ... well, me at the moment I am in all my misfortunes and Leila (and her friend Sophia, shampooing) and her husband who swallowed everything, even the jasmine, leave me indifferent.
I'm in a state of levitation, I ponder, I fumed, O rage, O despair .... The question is not simple, even I myself, who has disappeared, lost in the darkness when I Ponder. In the beginning was a vision, a breath from another world, the galaxy Mandingo Warriors, who knocked my soul in distress in her solitude. I am currently classified in the phobic lonely, but my synapses do not like the pills, everything is short-circuited''''in my body.

I no longer assumes this confusion, this cry in my lonely night. My country is poor, I am good for nothing and my genetic code must be boiled.
My humanity is lost. My cry of despair that I started to another, one who sees more, hears more, the dark, the cynic, the one who made me lose my humanity, still echoes in my head.
Maybe you do not got it to gibberish. Me either. It is a cry of rage that I run, like a bottle on the side of the ruins of Timiris.
I think the Marquis de Sade, when he says "There is no kind of feeling that is stronger than that of pain, his impressions are safe, they do not deceive like fun.." Tunisian revolution is already in us. Human stupidity consumed us, and no need immolation Fashionable jasmine.


MAM S.



me and I loved you?
LM

Hot Pink Skirt Hannah Montana Wears In The Show

The fight continued FLAM, deconstruction of an imaginary story By Poullori Galo

Be the FLAM is not a guarantee of quality. Evidence: what is being done today in practice? What we did yesterday that others do not (even better) out? Poullori Galo



The African Liberation Forces of Mauritania have seized in recent years of the struggle for justice, equality and human rights in general into a private preserve and goodwill. Particularly an atmosphere sectarian attempts to exclude from this fight anyone who does not consent to put himself under the banner of this organization.





The single thought and bigotry help, it became common to hear defend the idea that only what has been done within the organization must find favor in the eyes of humanity. "The monopoly of the heart, be sensitive to issues of justice and equality, claiming a good and fair coexistence between Mauritanian ... all these questions become, in the eyes of leaders of the movement, questions exclusive.




Now we need to remember that the truth of the signatories of the manifesto of the 19 "in 1966 did not wait for the birth of this organization to learn of the injustices found in the distribution of roles, responsibilities, rights and wealth Mauritania. They never gave up their exclusive rights to any organization.




Later, men far from the violence (verbal all the rest) and the logic of confrontation in which part of the organization is trying to confine the debate-distinguished themselves in combat and this would be an insult to their memory, merit and justice than to frustrate their efforts, claiming they are not members of FLAM. Imam Buddha Ould Boussairy who condemned the atrocities done to the blacks of Mauritania at the height of the crisis and at a time when few dared voice rising, deserves special mention. After him, the late Habib Ould Mahfoudh brought a precious stone in the struggle for justice by going to photograph and publish in a newspaper in Mauritania mass graves in Sori Malle, Azlatt ...




Tijane Koita, Mayor Kaédi senator has made a decisive help to fight by educating the community international meetings in Geneva, America, Austria, Africa ... That he ended up on the side of the man he once fought in any way erase the significant boost it gives to the media coverage of the case. Others have invested in the field of human rights by making more than speech. The only book of Mahamadou Sy, Hell of Inal, weighed more than the speeches of all these talkers who try to do hands on a legacy of multiple contributions. It can be said of the writings of Rachel Ly, Oumar Moussa Ba, Boye Alassane ... All articles Ngaydé Abdarahmane, Bocar Ba, of Ngaydé Soulé Abdoulaye Diagana, Doro Toure, Mohamed Dogui, Gemal Yess Ould Moustapha Diop, the commitment of women and men of conviction like the OCVIDH, the AVOMM, the AFMAF of COVIRE, associations defending the rights of refugees, just Conscience and Resistance ... all these men have contributed enormously to the struggle, without lights or fanfare. What about the contributions of Fatima Mbaye of Mr. Brahim Ould Ebetty, Ladji Traore? And so on and the best!




At the height of the storm, when the tyrant Ould Taya launched his killing spree on blacks Mauritania, FLAM who claimed privilege the armed struggle have been content to claim that actions were the result of imagination. In truth, either Fulani herdsmen rebels by confiscating their livestock operations organized fists to recover what they had been unjustly dispossessed, or were ordinary citizens who returned to settle accounts after the assassination of a relative, or finally organizations like the M25 that crossed swords with the Mauritanian troops on the other side of river. This organization otherwise has long wanted of FLAM, guilty of trying too hard to get them coverage, while others would risk their lives on the ground. In a word, some were still squatting in the shade and the microphones while others resisted, risking their lives. The FLAM had in any way can not afford to conduct such a struggle. Their program was limited to propaganda and verbal judo. In this respect one can never say enough how much aid provided by UNHCR, Otto Benecke Foundation, the Catholic Church ..., including refugee students, blunted the warlike-if indeed it ever existed-activists , reluctant to give up a whole new comfort and standard of living that went with it (the discourse on "the myth of the golden exile" does not change the facts). We pretended further studies, a new marriage, young children ... to avoid going to support the M25, the Furama and the warriors who fought unarmed almost riverside.




At the same time, youth-owned or non-movement took over the jailed leaders. In France especially, a cell is busy drafting a white paper on the killings in Mauritania and began a deep work lobbying of political parties, international organizations and the media. Doudou Ball has ended, as Koita, by switching sides does not diminish the tremendous work he broke down for the cause of equality and against injustice in Mauritania. The contributions of K. Wane (now in an African capital), T. Wane. (In a neighboring country of Mauritania), Amadou T. (In France today), Sy M., O. Diagana ... are recognized by all who knew him from the time they occur, in good Stakhanovists human rights, work for the movement. Most of these kids (now fifties) left organization, no longer able to mistakes and a verbal radicalism which is struggling to translate into political acts carriers (as had gone before them for the same reasons, Ly Jibril Mourtodo, Ibrahima Sarr, Saidou Kane). The funniest is that when they had their backs turned, their comrades of yesterday have spread the rumor that they were intelligence officers, knew that the movement and besides he has to clear evidence against them as wage slips ...


Over the years, and failing to tackle head-on to the opponent common (those who oppose the introduction of equality and justice between all the son of the country), the most bigoted (which took control of the organization) have moved into lecturing that s 'and want to take in the world, criticizing, insulting, thinking the only ones sagataaBe and jambareeBe (warrior, brave, bold ...) while they are only the "mbira caggal bawDi (wrestler that makes noise off arenas). Nothing found through their eyes. Those who choose to return to fight to achieve the claims about equality, justice, instead Nationalities in Mauritania ... are traitors, defeatists traitors ... But what? Who are the traitors to the cause? That undermine the development of the situation? Those who come to fight and confront the harsh realities? The fighters of the keyboard, the verb and the net?


The ayatollahs of verbal and cyber battle to gain back on earth: they are not alone in being sensitive to issues of justice and human right. There is no one side flamistes, the only, true, the determined, and the other the secularists who do nothing because they are not of FLAM! Be the FLAM is not a guarantee of quality. Evidence: what is being done today in practice? What we did yesterday that others do not (even better) off?


Today FLAM say wait until things are settled-with themselves? By a miracle? By other fighters more determined? - To be able to return home. But what do they represent the field? How many activists? Sections? Cell? I want to say like the other: the FLAM, how many divisions? What they really weigh?


All noise generated by the slayers of the internal struggle awkwardly trying to hide an outgrowth shameful truth is that FLAM know that they risk ridicule on his return to Mauritania. The world finally discovers the truth by throwing their strength in the insult to others and verbal judo, the FLAM have forgotten the main thing is to say the militants frame structure the movement on the ground. This gap could be bridged if the oversized egos of some of them had led them to vilify the leaders in the field who are yet objective allies: everyone agrees on identification of the unfairness of cohabitation in Mauritania (FLAM once again did not invent anything on this subject). Instead, the FLAM them as those who withdrew their bread from the mouth. The crux of the battle has become a common struggle of precedence and ... egos. We weep over suffering in countries of asylum provide an acceptable situation (we may say, it was nice to be a refugee in Dakar, Dodel, in Matam or Ndioum not like being a refugee in the U.S. or France) and forget the plight of people wounded on the ground in the camps in Mauritania in unbearable conditions? Who forced the leaders of the movement to go to the USA, Denmark, France ... far, far from the refugee camps? Finally


(temporarily?), Some questions: Why, as a battle, Ibrahim Abou Sall, a leader and historian best political ideologue, he attacked so violently to icons like Saidou Kane Diop and Mourtodo less forgivable (because the person was not there to defend himself), Tene Youssouf Gueye? How did he advance the struggle doing?


Why Kaw Toure, the officer in carrying speech, he invented in the cold northern Scandinavia, a past victim of martyr jails Ould Taya while everyone knows he is not? Indeed, following a meeting organized by class representatives to Kilinkaré (Kaédi) to trigger a strike in protest at the assassination of Sy, Sarr Ba and in 1987 the risk of arrest had become very important . The next day and Ousmane Toure Kaw. K. crossed the river to escape certain arrest. Youth as "Philo" W. were arrested and tortured while Toure was far Kaw Kaédi and Mauritania. This is the truth naked. Young people who are driving to the police in Mauritania (notably the south), there every day without this resulting in the birth of a myth of martyrdom and super heroes. Why try to fool people by inventing a past that is only a figment of his imagination? What makes war prevails there? So who has ruined the chances of that struggle by focusing on propaganda and myth at the expense of the action? Sign articles written by others will not change anything. We know who is who.

The purpose of this point is to draw attention to the sectarianism of those who try to distract us the essentials for mysterious reasons. To those who know how to debate by the insult and the dumbing down, I will not sacrifice a syllable, it is useless to try to distract us as we pulled away from substantive debate. There are still many things to be annoying but we're not there yet. Of all the ways each of us knows who is who. This fight made of verbiage and hollow slogans has shown its limits. The idea is to prevent the movement falls into the hands of people who politically limited only delay the fight. Failing to bring Oumar Moussa Ba, Bocar Ba Mamadou, Ousmane or Boubacar Diagana Following can be embodied by men, although not having the same stature but with more openness and farsightedness as many others: Abdarahmane Wone, Ibrahima Sow mifo Abdoulaye Thiongane even if he ceases to be manipulated by Swedish neighbor who does not happen at the ankle. Provided they emerge from the shadows and agree to stop the drift of the warriors of the verb and keyboard.




Poullori Galo

Hot Pink Skirt Hannah Montana Wears In The Show

The fight continued FLAM, deconstruction of an imaginary story By Poullori Galo

Be the FLAM is not a guarantee of quality. Evidence: what is being done today in practice? What we did yesterday that others do not (even better) out? Poullori Galo



The African Liberation Forces of Mauritania have seized in recent years of the struggle for justice, equality and human rights in general into a private preserve and goodwill. Particularly an atmosphere sectarian attempts to exclude from this fight anyone who does not consent to put himself under the banner of this organization.





The single thought and bigotry help, it became common to hear defend the idea that only what has been done within the organization must find favor in the eyes of humanity. "The monopoly of the heart, be sensitive to issues of justice and equality, claiming a good and fair coexistence between Mauritanian ... all these questions become, in the eyes of leaders of the movement, questions exclusive.




Now we need to remember that the truth of the signatories of the manifesto of the 19 "in 1966 did not wait for the birth of this organization to learn of the injustices found in the distribution of roles, responsibilities, rights and wealth Mauritania. They never gave up their exclusive rights to any organization.




Later, men far from the violence (verbal all the rest) and the logic of confrontation in which part of the organization is trying to confine the debate-distinguished themselves in combat and this would be an insult to their memory, merit and justice than to frustrate their efforts, claiming they are not members of FLAM. Imam Buddha Ould Boussairy who condemned the atrocities done to the blacks of Mauritania at the height of the crisis and at a time when few dared voice rising, deserves special mention. After him, the late Habib Ould Mahfoudh brought a precious stone in the struggle for justice by going to photograph and publish in a newspaper in Mauritania mass graves in Sori Malle, Azlatt ...




Tijane Koita, Mayor Kaédi senator has made a decisive help to fight by educating the community international meetings in Geneva, America, Austria, Africa ... That he ended up on the side of the man he once fought in any way erase the significant boost it gives to the media coverage of the case. Others have invested in the field of human rights by making more than speech. The only book of Mahamadou Sy, Hell of Inal, weighed more than the speeches of all these talkers who try to do hands on a legacy of multiple contributions. It can be said of the writings of Rachel Ly, Oumar Moussa Ba, Boye Alassane ... All articles Ngaydé Abdarahmane, Bocar Ba, of Ngaydé Soulé Abdoulaye Diagana, Doro Toure, Mohamed Dogui, Gemal Yess Ould Moustapha Diop, the commitment of women and men of conviction like the OCVIDH, the AVOMM, the AFMAF of COVIRE, associations defending the rights of refugees, just Conscience and Resistance ... all these men have contributed enormously to the struggle, without lights or fanfare. What about the contributions of Fatima Mbaye of Mr. Brahim Ould Ebetty, Ladji Traore? And so on and the best!




At the height of the storm, when the tyrant Ould Taya launched his killing spree on blacks Mauritania, FLAM who claimed privilege the armed struggle have been content to claim that actions were the result of imagination. In truth, either Fulani herdsmen rebels by confiscating their livestock operations organized fists to recover what they had been unjustly dispossessed, or were ordinary citizens who returned to settle accounts after the assassination of a relative, or finally organizations like the M25 that crossed swords with the Mauritanian troops on the other side of river. This organization otherwise has long wanted of FLAM, guilty of trying too hard to get them coverage, while others would risk their lives on the ground. In a word, some were still squatting in the shade and the microphones while others resisted, risking their lives. The FLAM had in any way can not afford to conduct such a struggle. Their program was limited to propaganda and verbal judo. In this respect one can never say enough how much aid provided by UNHCR, Otto Benecke Foundation, the Catholic Church ..., including refugee students, blunted the warlike-if indeed it ever existed-activists , reluctant to give up a whole new comfort and standard of living that went with it (the discourse on "the myth of the golden exile" does not change the facts). We pretended further studies, a new marriage, young children ... to avoid going to support the M25, the Furama and the warriors who fought unarmed almost riverside.




At the same time, youth-owned or non-movement took over the jailed leaders. In France especially, a cell is busy drafting a white paper on the killings in Mauritania and began a deep work lobbying of political parties, international organizations and the media. Doudou Ball has ended, as Koita, by switching sides does not diminish the tremendous work he broke down for the cause of equality and against injustice in Mauritania. The contributions of K. Wane (now in an African capital), T. Wane. (In a neighboring country of Mauritania), Amadou T. (In France today), Sy M., O. Diagana ... are recognized by all who knew him from the time they occur, in good Stakhanovists human rights, work for the movement. Most of these kids (now fifties) left organization, no longer able to mistakes and a verbal radicalism which is struggling to translate into political acts carriers (as had gone before them for the same reasons, Ly Jibril Mourtodo, Ibrahima Sarr, Saidou Kane). The funniest is that when they had their backs turned, their comrades of yesterday have spread the rumor that they were intelligence officers, knew that the movement and besides he has to clear evidence against them as wage slips ...


Over the years, and failing to tackle head-on to the opponent common (those who oppose the introduction of equality and justice between all the son of the country), the most bigoted (which took control of the organization) have moved into lecturing that s 'and want to take in the world, criticizing, insulting, thinking the only ones sagataaBe and jambareeBe (warrior, brave, bold ...) while they are only the "mbira caggal bawDi (wrestler that makes noise off arenas). Nothing found through their eyes. Those who choose to return to fight to achieve the claims about equality, justice, instead Nationalities in Mauritania ... are traitors, defeatists traitors ... But what? Who are the traitors to the cause? That undermine the development of the situation? Those who come to fight and confront the harsh realities? The fighters of the keyboard, the verb and the net?


The ayatollahs of verbal and cyber battle to gain back on earth: they are not alone in being sensitive to issues of justice and human right. There is no one side flamistes, the only, true, the determined, and the other the secularists who do nothing because they are not of FLAM! Be the FLAM is not a guarantee of quality. Evidence: what is being done today in practice? What we did yesterday that others do not (even better) off?


Today FLAM say wait until things are settled-with themselves? By a miracle? By other fighters more determined? - To be able to return home. But what do they represent the field? How many activists? Sections? Cell? I want to say like the other: the FLAM, how many divisions? What they really weigh?


All noise generated by the slayers of the internal struggle awkwardly trying to hide an outgrowth shameful truth is that FLAM know that they risk ridicule on his return to Mauritania. The world finally discovers the truth by throwing their strength in the insult to others and verbal judo, the FLAM have forgotten the main thing is to say the militants frame structure the movement on the ground. This gap could be bridged if the oversized egos of some of them had led them to vilify the leaders in the field who are yet objective allies: everyone agrees on identification of the unfairness of cohabitation in Mauritania (FLAM once again did not invent anything on this subject). Instead, the FLAM them as those who withdrew their bread from the mouth. The crux of the battle has become a common struggle of precedence and ... egos. We weep over suffering in countries of asylum provide an acceptable situation (we may say, it was nice to be a refugee in Dakar, Dodel, in Matam or Ndioum not like being a refugee in the U.S. or France) and forget the plight of people wounded on the ground in the camps in Mauritania in unbearable conditions? Who forced the leaders of the movement to go to the USA, Denmark, France ... far, far from the refugee camps? Finally


(temporarily?), Some questions: Why, as a battle, Ibrahim Abou Sall, a leader and historian best political ideologue, he attacked so violently to icons like Saidou Kane Diop and Mourtodo less forgivable (because the person was not there to defend himself), Tene Youssouf Gueye? How did he advance the struggle doing?


Why Kaw Toure, the officer in carrying speech, he invented in the cold northern Scandinavia, a past victim of martyr jails Ould Taya while everyone knows he is not? Indeed, following a meeting organized by class representatives to Kilinkaré (Kaédi) to trigger a strike in protest at the assassination of Sy, Sarr Ba and in 1987 the risk of arrest had become very important . The next day and Ousmane Toure Kaw. K. crossed the river to escape certain arrest. Youth as "Philo" W. were arrested and tortured while Toure was far Kaw Kaédi and Mauritania. This is the truth naked. Young people who are driving to the police in Mauritania (notably the south), there every day without this resulting in the birth of a myth of martyrdom and super heroes. Why try to fool people by inventing a past that is only a figment of his imagination? What makes war prevails there? So who has ruined the chances of that struggle by focusing on propaganda and myth at the expense of the action? Sign articles written by others will not change anything. We know who is who.

The purpose of this point is to draw attention to the sectarianism of those who try to distract us the essentials for mysterious reasons. To those who know how to debate by the insult and the dumbing down, I will not sacrifice a syllable, it is useless to try to distract us as we pulled away from substantive debate. There are still many things to be annoying but we're not there yet. Of all the ways each of us knows who is who. This fight made of verbiage and hollow slogans has shown its limits. The idea is to prevent the movement falls into the hands of people who politically limited only delay the fight. Failing to bring Oumar Moussa Ba, Bocar Ba Mamadou, Ousmane or Boubacar Diagana Following can be embodied by men, although not having the same stature but with more openness and farsightedness as many others: Abdarahmane Wone, Ibrahima Sow mifo Abdoulaye Thiongane even if he ceases to be manipulated by Swedish neighbor who does not happen at the ankle. Provided they emerge from the shadows and agree to stop the drift of the warriors of the verb and keyboard.




Poullori Galo

Nerf Guns And Christmas Cards

Mauritania: the empiricism of the method Aziz.

How does the head of state of Mauritania Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz, and how is it perceived by the public and politicians? Investigation.



In Nouakchott, garlands of green and yellow flags hang from the lampposts. The portrait of President Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz, spread over the front of the Chinguitty Bank (Libya), alongside a photo of a dashing Muammar Gaddafi. A few blocks away, a telecom company has invested in a poster of 4 m by 3. She wished a happy birthday "to his Excellency the President of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania." Usually austere face of Nouakchott displays a smile that official mid-December. But the contours of the fiftieth anniversary of independence should not be abused.

Day 28 November was sober. The military parade was not held. It would have stripped the troops, who face another emergency: the surveillance of the territory, threatened by Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Heads of state of the neighborhood were not invited. It would have been necessary to organize a ceremony with great fanfare, that "Aziz" was considered too expensive. On 27 November, it set the tone in a speech just not paying into complacency: "The absence of a clear political and economic vision, lack of anchorage of the concept of general interest, the phenomenon of mismanagement and poor management "have quickly been right the first stirrings of independence, he accused. He continued: "It is inconceivable, after half a century, our country is still at a stage of development as low. "There follows a detailed list and figures" many major development projects. " The mismanagement

legacy

Here is the method Aziz: castigate the past with accents moralist promise to support projects, a better tomorrow. Since coming to power by coup 6 August 2008, former general criticizes without ever naming the legacy of Maaouiya Ould Taya (overthrown in 2005). For twenty-one years, colonel in the Adrar ruled unchallenged while Aziz watched over his safety, as director of the Presidential Security Battalion. An ideal position to observe the system of dividing up the state took over. It benefits the collusion between politicians and tribal overtones businessmen. This is the famous "mismanagement" and now nemesis leitmotif of presidential speeches.

In December 2009, three businessmen emblematic of the era are imprisoned Ould Taya. Mohamed Ould Noueigued, Cherif Ould Abdallahi and Abdou Maham are suspected of having received payments from the Central Bank in 2001 and 2002. Fight against corruption or witch hunt? The answer lies in justice. Except that, less than a month after his arrest, the trio was released without its intervention. An intermediary unexpected, the radical cleric Hacen Ould Dedew, helped reach an agreement.

What vision of society?

One thing is certain: for Aziz, a penny saved is a penny. All his relatives reported her need to control costs, including those departments in detail. This is the second characteristic of Aziz: "It is concrete," said one observer. Inauguration of a road, hospital, school visit, the first stone and ground-breaking ceremony: he likes to build and get on the field. The shipyards are now many in Nouakchott and the interior.

His speech shows independence: the head of state does not lapse into abstraction. "It was an empirical approach," says a former director public enterprise. However, analysis sounds like a criticism. "There are actions, but they do not enter a forward-looking vision, a plan, we do not know where you are going," he says. With Mokhtar Ould Daddah, there were directions, the emancipation of women, national unity. With Aziz, he lacks a vision of society. "

This attention to detail has another consequence: the concentration of power in the presidency. "Few decisions are taken as prime minister," said a source in the ministry. He testified that some ministers do not dare to defend their projects Council of Ministers.

course, the method divides Aziz. His family emphasized pragmatism and are grateful to him for having broken with the status quo. The opposition, she can not forgive him his original sin: the overthrow of Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, the first civilian president since Mokhtar Ould Daddah. After condemning the coup, the traditional allies of Mauritania, France and Spain leading the way, in turn eventually forgotten. Aziz became the man of Paris in the fight against AQIM. An alliance which draws legitimacy, but is also a weakness: it makes a affidée of Mauritania "miscreants Western "and therefore a target. Marianne Meunier



Source: Jeune Afrique 21.01.2011

Nerf Guns And Christmas Cards

Mauritania: the empiricism of the method Aziz.

How does the head of state of Mauritania Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz, and how is it perceived by the public and politicians? Investigation.



In Nouakchott, garlands of green and yellow flags hang from the lampposts. The portrait of President Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz, spread over the front of the Chinguitty Bank (Libya), alongside a photo of a dashing Muammar Gaddafi. A few blocks away, a telecom company has invested in a poster of 4 m by 3. She wished a happy birthday "to his Excellency the President of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania." Usually austere face of Nouakchott displays a smile that official mid-December. But the contours of the fiftieth anniversary of independence should not be abused.

Day 28 November was sober. The military parade was not held. It would have stripped the troops, who face another emergency: the surveillance of the territory, threatened by Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Heads of state of the neighborhood were not invited. It would have been necessary to organize a ceremony with great fanfare, that "Aziz" was considered too expensive. On 27 November, it set the tone in a speech just not paying into complacency: "The absence of a clear political and economic vision, lack of anchorage of the concept of general interest, the phenomenon of mismanagement and poor management "have quickly been right the first stirrings of independence, he accused. He continued: "It is inconceivable, after half a century, our country is still at a stage of development as low. "There follows a detailed list and figures" many major development projects. " The mismanagement

legacy

Here is the method Aziz: castigate the past with accents moralist promise to support projects, a better tomorrow. Since coming to power by coup 6 August 2008, former general criticizes without ever naming the legacy of Maaouiya Ould Taya (overthrown in 2005). For twenty-one years, colonel in the Adrar ruled unchallenged while Aziz watched over his safety, as director of the Presidential Security Battalion. An ideal position to observe the system of dividing up the state took over. It benefits the collusion between politicians and tribal overtones businessmen. This is the famous "mismanagement" and now nemesis leitmotif of presidential speeches.

In December 2009, three businessmen emblematic of the era are imprisoned Ould Taya. Mohamed Ould Noueigued, Cherif Ould Abdallahi and Abdou Maham are suspected of having received payments from the Central Bank in 2001 and 2002. Fight against corruption or witch hunt? The answer lies in justice. Except that, less than a month after his arrest, the trio was released without its intervention. An intermediary unexpected, the radical cleric Hacen Ould Dedew, helped reach an agreement.

What vision of society?

One thing is certain: for Aziz, a penny saved is a penny. All his relatives reported her need to control costs, including those departments in detail. This is the second characteristic of Aziz: "It is concrete," said one observer. Inauguration of a road, hospital, school visit, the first stone and ground-breaking ceremony: he likes to build and get on the field. The shipyards are now many in Nouakchott and the interior.

His speech shows independence: the head of state does not lapse into abstraction. "It was an empirical approach," says a former director public enterprise. However, analysis sounds like a criticism. "There are actions, but they do not enter a forward-looking vision, a plan, we do not know where you are going," he says. With Mokhtar Ould Daddah, there were directions, the emancipation of women, national unity. With Aziz, he lacks a vision of society. "

This attention to detail has another consequence: the concentration of power in the presidency. "Few decisions are taken as prime minister," said a source in the ministry. He testified that some ministers do not dare to defend their projects Council of Ministers.

course, the method divides Aziz. His family emphasized pragmatism and are grateful to him for having broken with the status quo. The opposition, she can not forgive him his original sin: the overthrow of Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, the first civilian president since Mokhtar Ould Daddah. After condemning the coup, the traditional allies of Mauritania, France and Spain leading the way, in turn eventually forgotten. Aziz became the man of Paris in the fight against AQIM. An alliance which draws legitimacy, but is also a weakness: it makes a affidée of Mauritania "miscreants Western "and therefore a target. Marianne Meunier



Source: Jeune Afrique 21.01.2011

Design Your Own I Heart Boobies Bracelet

Mauritania: fifty years after independence, the momentum broken

the threshold of independence, while Mauritania had to build: the state, national unity, the economy. Fifty years later, weakened by coups and authoritarian tendencies to repetition, it still seeks the path of development.

On 28 November 1960, is in a hangar, Nouakchott, that Mokhtar Ould Daddah proclaims independence. The capital is then a simple fort of 5000 souls. The young Islamic Republic Mauritania, with its million km2 (twice France), two-thirds in the Sahara, has virtually no basic infrastructure, colonial France preferred to focus its efforts on the outskirts of the Senegal River and St. Louis, the capital of French West Africa (AOF), and therefore the territory of Mauritania until July 1957.

The task ahead is immense Mokhtar Ould Daddah. Everything is built: the state, national unity and the economy. At the time, the latter relies on the exploitation of iron and a large agricultural sector. Nomadism is prevalent, and less dense urban fabric.



Fifty years later, the company is largely sedentary and urbanized (over 40%), a movement begun in 1973, following severe droughts that have led many rural dwellers to cities. From 1970 to 1990, the average annual urban population growth was also 7.7%, against 2.9% from 2000 to 2010. Activity agropastoral contributes 20% of gross domestic product (GDP), while sea fishing, operation of iron and, since 2006, oil (25% of GDP) are the main providers of foreign exchange. If GDP grew, poverty, almost everywhere in 1960, still affects over 45% of the 3 million Mauritanians, and social inequalities have widened.

Two other problems, which undermine national unity: slavery, although officially abolished in 1980 and criminalized by law in 2007, and tensions between Moors and black Mauritanians, the regimes that have successive failed to reconcile.

Colors, languages and identity

junction point between Africa and white Arabic speaking black Africa, Mauritania is inhabited by Arab-Berber Moors white (the Beydanes) and black (Haratins, descendants of their former dependent ), whose language is Arabic Hassaniya, as well as black Mauritanians - Toucouleurs Peul, Soninke and Wolof - originating in the Senegal River region, speaking French and their own languages (Pulaar, Soninke and Wolof) .

If all have in common is Islam, the black Mauritanians do not recognize, however, the Arab identity claimed by almost all regimes that have ruled the country. The first riots broke out in 1966, following a decree on the Arabization of secondary education, and exacerbated in 1968 when the National Assembly is of Arabic an official language, alongside the Pulaar, the Soninke, Wolof and French.

In the wake of Arabization, the country comes out of the franc zone in June 1973 for circulating its own currency, the Ouguiya, and in November of that year, joins the Arab League. In December 1980, Arabic was declared the only official language.

The tensions arising from this policy, which keeps the country from its francophone neighbors, reach their climax under Ould Taya, when broke in April 1989, the conflict between Senegal and Mauritania. It all started with a clash between herders and farmers Mauritanian Moorish Soninke of Senegal, to Diawara, Senegal Oriental, leading to clashes between two communities in Nouakchott and Dakar. Appraisal: thousands of dead and wounded, tens of thousands of refugees from both sides. In August 1989 the two countries closed their borders and sever diplomatic relations, which will not be restored until May 1992. A power militarized



The choice of Arabism did not mean ease relations with Arab neighbors. At the time of independence, Morocco, then followed by the Arab League refused to recognize the new state. The two countries are close in November 1975 with the signing of Madrid, on the sharing of Western Sahara between Morocco (two thirds) and Mauritania (third), thus annexing the region of Dakhla (renamed Tiris el- Gharbia) and agrees with Morocco, in a war against the Polisario, backed by Algeria. Coupled with the rise of the protest, among both black Mauritanians only a fraction ultranationalist Arabic, this costly war in two years will be fatal to Ould Daddah. Some will

the mixed record of fifty years of independence of the country on account of lack of political will of most of its leaders, more concerned with ideology than with the development and modernization of the country, and instability born of repeated coups.

Since the overthrow of Ould Daddah in July 1978, Mauritania has indeed experienced seven Heads of State - All Moors - including six soldiers. Militarization of power that democratization began in 1991 has not stopped. Moreover, a few years later, Ould Taya is not encumbered of human rights, exacerbating the racial issue in passing by several officers shot Fulani accused of wanting to overthrow him.

is "to end the totalitarian regime of President Taya," they will say then, that the military eventually overthrow him in August 2005, under the guidance of one who was responsible for its national security for ten- eight years, Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall. The latter, faithful to his promise, does not appear on the March 2007 presidential, which was won by a civilian: Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. But August 6, 2008, a new coup brought to power General Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz. He is elected president a year later, in the first round of voting, with over 52% of the votes cast.

addition to socio-economic challenges, Aziz inherited the long record of radical Islamism, whose first actions dating back to 2003 with the attempted murder of Ould Taya by the "Knights of Change". Since 2005, the country is hit by a wave of attacks by jihadis: murder of four French tourists in Aleg (South East) in December 2007 attack on Israeli embassy in February 2008, suicide attack against the Embassy of France in August 2009 ... events that have not fail to surprise the "land of Chinguetti, once known for his wise scholars and tolerant Islam.

The threat of radical Islam

Various factors have contributed to the rise of Islamism. Modernist ideologies (Nasserism, Baathism) that developed in the country in the 1970s prompted a defensive reaction within conservative circles. The policies pursued by successive regimes in the direction of a fold of Islam (introduction of sharia in 1978 by Ould Daddah and Ould Haidallah in 1980) or an opening to the West (reconciliation with the United U.S. and diplomatic relations with Israel under Ould Taya) also contributed to the emergence of these radical movements.

If the raid by the army in July 2010 against a camp of Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) has not helped save French hostage Michel Germaneau a point, however, was marked by the State Mauritania: nine AQIM fighters were killed.

Still, the radical currents are becoming increasingly popular among the lower classes, especially among Haratins, impoverished by economic hardship. In this, the two priority projects of the mandate of Ould Abdelaziz, countering radical Islam and the country on the path of growth are intimately linked.

Source: Jeune Afrique

Design Your Own I Heart Boobies Bracelet

Mauritania: fifty years after independence, the momentum broken

the threshold of independence, while Mauritania had to build: the state, national unity, the economy. Fifty years later, weakened by coups and authoritarian tendencies to repetition, it still seeks the path of development.

On 28 November 1960, is in a hangar, Nouakchott, that Mokhtar Ould Daddah proclaims independence. The capital is then a simple fort of 5000 souls. The young Islamic Republic Mauritania, with its million km2 (twice France), two-thirds in the Sahara, has virtually no basic infrastructure, colonial France preferred to focus its efforts on the outskirts of the Senegal River and St. Louis, the capital of French West Africa (AOF), and therefore the territory of Mauritania until July 1957.

The task ahead is immense Mokhtar Ould Daddah. Everything is built: the state, national unity and the economy. At the time, the latter relies on the exploitation of iron and a large agricultural sector. Nomadism is prevalent, and less dense urban fabric.



Fifty years later, the company is largely sedentary and urbanized (over 40%), a movement begun in 1973, following severe droughts that have led many rural dwellers to cities. From 1970 to 1990, the average annual urban population growth was also 7.7%, against 2.9% from 2000 to 2010. Activity agropastoral contributes 20% of gross domestic product (GDP), while sea fishing, operation of iron and, since 2006, oil (25% of GDP) are the main providers of foreign exchange. If GDP grew, poverty, almost everywhere in 1960, still affects over 45% of the 3 million Mauritanians, and social inequalities have widened.

Two other problems, which undermine national unity: slavery, although officially abolished in 1980 and criminalized by law in 2007, and tensions between Moors and black Mauritanians, the regimes that have successive failed to reconcile.

Colors, languages and identity

junction point between Africa and white Arabic speaking black Africa, Mauritania is inhabited by Arab-Berber Moors white (the Beydanes) and black (Haratins, descendants of their former dependent ), whose language is Arabic Hassaniya, as well as black Mauritanians - Toucouleurs Peul, Soninke and Wolof - originating in the Senegal River region, speaking French and their own languages (Pulaar, Soninke and Wolof) .

If all have in common is Islam, the black Mauritanians do not recognize, however, the Arab identity claimed by almost all regimes that have ruled the country. The first riots broke out in 1966, following a decree on the Arabization of secondary education, and exacerbated in 1968 when the National Assembly is of Arabic an official language, alongside the Pulaar, the Soninke, Wolof and French.

In the wake of Arabization, the country comes out of the franc zone in June 1973 for circulating its own currency, the Ouguiya, and in November of that year, joins the Arab League. In December 1980, Arabic was declared the only official language.

The tensions arising from this policy, which keeps the country from its francophone neighbors, reach their climax under Ould Taya, when broke in April 1989, the conflict between Senegal and Mauritania. It all started with a clash between herders and farmers Mauritanian Moorish Soninke of Senegal, to Diawara, Senegal Oriental, leading to clashes between two communities in Nouakchott and Dakar. Appraisal: thousands of dead and wounded, tens of thousands of refugees from both sides. In August 1989 the two countries closed their borders and sever diplomatic relations, which will not be restored until May 1992. A power militarized



The choice of Arabism did not mean ease relations with Arab neighbors. At the time of independence, Morocco, then followed by the Arab League refused to recognize the new state. The two countries are close in November 1975 with the signing of Madrid, on the sharing of Western Sahara between Morocco (two thirds) and Mauritania (third), thus annexing the region of Dakhla (renamed Tiris el- Gharbia) and agrees with Morocco, in a war against the Polisario, backed by Algeria. Coupled with the rise of the protest, among both black Mauritanians only a fraction ultranationalist Arabic, this costly war in two years will be fatal to Ould Daddah. Some will

the mixed record of fifty years of independence of the country on account of lack of political will of most of its leaders, more concerned with ideology than with the development and modernization of the country, and instability born of repeated coups.

Since the overthrow of Ould Daddah in July 1978, Mauritania has indeed experienced seven Heads of State - All Moors - including six soldiers. Militarization of power that democratization began in 1991 has not stopped. Moreover, a few years later, Ould Taya is not encumbered of human rights, exacerbating the racial issue in passing by several officers shot Fulani accused of wanting to overthrow him.

is "to end the totalitarian regime of President Taya," they will say then, that the military eventually overthrow him in August 2005, under the guidance of one who was responsible for its national security for ten- eight years, Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall. The latter, faithful to his promise, does not appear on the March 2007 presidential, which was won by a civilian: Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. But August 6, 2008, a new coup brought to power General Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz. He is elected president a year later, in the first round of voting, with over 52% of the votes cast.

addition to socio-economic challenges, Aziz inherited the long record of radical Islamism, whose first actions dating back to 2003 with the attempted murder of Ould Taya by the "Knights of Change". Since 2005, the country is hit by a wave of attacks by jihadis: murder of four French tourists in Aleg (South East) in December 2007 attack on Israeli embassy in February 2008, suicide attack against the Embassy of France in August 2009 ... events that have not fail to surprise the "land of Chinguetti, once known for his wise scholars and tolerant Islam.

The threat of radical Islam

Various factors have contributed to the rise of Islamism. Modernist ideologies (Nasserism, Baathism) that developed in the country in the 1970s prompted a defensive reaction within conservative circles. The policies pursued by successive regimes in the direction of a fold of Islam (introduction of sharia in 1978 by Ould Daddah and Ould Haidallah in 1980) or an opening to the West (reconciliation with the United U.S. and diplomatic relations with Israel under Ould Taya) also contributed to the emergence of these radical movements.

If the raid by the army in July 2010 against a camp of Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) has not helped save French hostage Michel Germaneau a point, however, was marked by the State Mauritania: nine AQIM fighters were killed.

Still, the radical currents are becoming increasingly popular among the lower classes, especially among Haratins, impoverished by economic hardship. In this, the two priority projects of the mandate of Ould Abdelaziz, countering radical Islam and the country on the path of growth are intimately linked.

Source: Jeune Afrique

Dental Extraction Forceps And Their Names

Jewish Congress Quebec

D years As part of the 250th anniversary of Jewish presence in Quebec, the library will host the Monday, January 31 from 18h to 19h30 Jewish Congress Quebec for a presentation of the latest releases Pierre Anctil , The Montreal Jewish community, history and contemporary issues (north), and Jewish Trajectories Quebec (PUL).

.

Dental Extraction Forceps And Their Names

Jewish Congress Quebec

D years As part of the 250th anniversary of Jewish presence in Quebec, the library will host the Monday, January 31 from 18h to 19h30 Jewish Congress Quebec for a presentation of the latest releases Pierre Anctil , The Montreal Jewish community, history and contemporary issues (north), and Jewish Trajectories Quebec (PUL).

.

Make Your Own Wrestler And Buy

Sunday, January 16 the verdict of the court dropped against Ms. Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall: six months in prison for "operating

is the end "legal" in a case which held the country spellbound since December 13.

Background: December 13, 2010, activists of human rights arise the home of the accused to report a confirmed case of slavery involving two minors. Would follow, the Commissioner, altercations with law enforcement when he served on Mr Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid, President and member of the IRA group, a ban from entering the office of the commissioner.

Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid is then, with his companions in prison. Their trial opened January 5, 2011 in a tense atmosphere. The defendants are on trial for "the act of unauthorized assembly, assault and battery against the officers of the court, setting up an unauthorized association, membership an unauthorized organization.

January 06, the verdict: Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid was sentenced to six months in prison and a fine of 500,000 UM fine should serve as compensation to injured police officers considered the altercation which arose between the accused on December 13 last. His companions, Cheikh Ould Abidine and Alioune Ould M'Bareck Fall are condemned to the same penalty. His companions, Balla Touré Ould Dah Ould Mouloud Boushab and are Bouby , them, sentenced to suspended prison sentence and a fine of 100,000 MUs.

The trial and verdict were immediately condemned by organizations Defence of Human Rights and enflammme Press.

Slavery in the center of the debate:

The January 13 opening of the trial Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall and mothers of two minor for "minor operation". Requires the Prosecutor against the "boss", a prison sentence of one year closes. The Court will be more lenient, and January 16, is pronounced against Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall a prison sentence of six months firm. 6 months suspended sentence is pronounced against the mothers of two girls whose case was originally the case.

The indictment of Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall had raised hopes among supporters of Human Rights and could suggest a change in the law. For the first time people were found in a case of slavery.

Disappointment is a reflection of the charges against three women. The latter not being punished for slavery but for "minor operation", the debate comes back to square one.

For years activist of Human Rights and Political tear on the concept of slavery: "legacy of slavery" for some, "Slavery proved" for others, the debate divides Mauritanian society profoundly.

regular business of documented cases of slavery in the news. Complaints are filed. But justice remains silent despite the 2007 law criminalizing slavery. This law promises sanctions against those found to slavery. But until now no "master" or "mistress" has yet been found.

And this is not the verdict against Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall will pacify the debates.

Because the central issue is that of haratins, free by law, but maintained, many of them, status in social and economic subservience. Exploited, underpaid, despised, they are the last few years, the issue became political forces: for some, as Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid, they are not "Moorish" but belong to the "black Mauritanians." For others they are "Arab". So participating in ideological movement that wants that Mauritania is an Arab country.

Anyway Haratines they are Haratines they remain in a society heavily influenced by sociological factors that make the perverse "task" original can not be erased.

The various economic crises have thrown tens of thousands of haratins to the slums of big cities or the "Triangle of Poverty," where they survive in difficult economic conditions.

The various attempts to "liberate" the law Haratins were not accompanied by economic measures for the emancipation effective against the old masters, meant that many stayed in the lap of former owners.

They were also the most pernicious policy issues, playing against their will, the role of "foil" of people in the South hunted after 1989. Land was offered to families haratins, especially emptied in the southern part of its population during the painful events of 1989 and 1990.

Since announcing the return of refugees from Senegal can not count the open conflict between these Haratines and former owners of the land they till now.

Explosive situation despite denials of political power.

The big question of how many people are Haratins is a taboo question: no statistics, no lists, no BOM "official". Motus official and formalized. The question

angry, annoyance to the summit of the state.

Face pressure from donor state, through the 2007 law meant to criminalize slavery, seemed to want to finally tackle the problem.

The trial of the case "Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall" has just broken hopes. Justice has missed an opportunity to finally practice slavery and survivals that plague the Mauritanian society at the center of political attention. Another missed appointments with history .... Mariem Mint

Derwich

Make Your Own Wrestler And Buy

Sunday, January 16 the verdict of the court dropped against Ms. Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall: six months in prison for "operating

is the end "legal" in a case which held the country spellbound since December 13.

Background: December 13, 2010, activists of human rights arise the home of the accused to report a confirmed case of slavery involving two minors. Would follow, the Commissioner, altercations with law enforcement when he served on Mr Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid, President and member of the IRA group, a ban from entering the office of the commissioner.

Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid is then, with his companions in prison. Their trial opened January 5, 2011 in a tense atmosphere. The defendants are on trial for "the act of unauthorized assembly, assault and battery against the officers of the court, setting up an unauthorized association, membership an unauthorized organization.

January 06, the verdict: Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid was sentenced to six months in prison and a fine of 500,000 UM fine should serve as compensation to injured police officers considered the altercation which arose between the accused on December 13 last. His companions, Cheikh Ould Abidine and Alioune Ould M'Bareck Fall are condemned to the same penalty. His companions, Balla Touré Ould Dah Ould Mouloud Boushab and are Bouby , them, sentenced to suspended prison sentence and a fine of 100,000 MUs.

The trial and verdict were immediately condemned by organizations Defence of Human Rights and enflammme Press.

Slavery in the center of the debate:

The January 13 opening of the trial Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall and mothers of two minor for "minor operation". Requires the Prosecutor against the "boss", a prison sentence of one year closes. The Court will be more lenient, and January 16, is pronounced against Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall a prison sentence of six months firm. 6 months suspended sentence is pronounced against the mothers of two girls whose case was originally the case.

The indictment of Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall had raised hopes among supporters of Human Rights and could suggest a change in the law. For the first time people were found in a case of slavery.

Disappointment is a reflection of the charges against three women. The latter not being punished for slavery but for "minor operation", the debate comes back to square one.

For years activist of Human Rights and Political tear on the concept of slavery: "legacy of slavery" for some, "Slavery proved" for others, the debate divides Mauritanian society profoundly.

regular business of documented cases of slavery in the news. Complaints are filed. But justice remains silent despite the 2007 law criminalizing slavery. This law promises sanctions against those found to slavery. But until now no "master" or "mistress" has yet been found.

And this is not the verdict against Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall will pacify the debates.

Because the central issue is that of haratins, free by law, but maintained, many of them, status in social and economic subservience. Exploited, underpaid, despised, they are the last few years, the issue became political forces: for some, as Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid, they are not "Moorish" but belong to the "black Mauritanians." For others they are "Arab". So participating in ideological movement that wants that Mauritania is an Arab country.

Anyway Haratines they are Haratines they remain in a society heavily influenced by sociological factors that make the perverse "task" original can not be erased.

The various economic crises have thrown tens of thousands of haratins to the slums of big cities or the "Triangle of Poverty," where they survive in difficult economic conditions.

The various attempts to "liberate" the law Haratins were not accompanied by economic measures for the emancipation effective against the old masters, meant that many stayed in the lap of former owners.

They were also the most pernicious policy issues, playing against their will, the role of "foil" of people in the South hunted after 1989. Land was offered to families haratins, especially emptied in the southern part of its population during the painful events of 1989 and 1990.

Since announcing the return of refugees from Senegal can not count the open conflict between these Haratines and former owners of the land they till now.

Explosive situation despite denials of political power.

The big question of how many people are Haratins is a taboo question: no statistics, no lists, no BOM "official". Motus official and formalized. The question

angry, annoyance to the summit of the state.

Face pressure from donor state, through the 2007 law meant to criminalize slavery, seemed to want to finally tackle the problem.

The trial of the case "Oumelmouminine mint Bakar Vall" has just broken hopes. Justice has missed an opportunity to finally practice slavery and survivals that plague the Mauritanian society at the center of political attention. Another missed appointments with history .... Mariem Mint

Derwich

Install Izotope To Soundforge 9

must review the definition of the word opposition in Mauritania.

look closely the following elements:
1 to 2005 there was a coup. Opponents have always been around the world to accept the coup d'etat.
2 - A presidential election was held despite the president's CMJD. Sidi Mohamed was' elected.
3 - Messoud which has only 5 MP's became the President of Parliament.
4 - Chief of army staff of the new democratically elected president, made an alliance with the MP's of the majority ... to make a presidential coup d'etat.
5 - The leader of the opposition accepts the coup because he always thought that it was he who should be president of the republic.
6 - and some former opponents of the ruling party become the new opposition.
7 - To the surprise of the world, opponents of the new coup d'etat accept agreements that exclude definitively Dakar Chairman which is democratically elected.
8 - Several leaders of the opposition to the coup, are themselves candidates to replace the president who is elected democartiquement.
9 - The General who made the coup d'etat was elected. He had resigned, while remaining in the middle of his battalion military, the presidency. The President of the Senate who is temporarily acting has never left his office of the president.
10 - Did I forgot to tell you that the official leader of the opposition was the side of the military who became president elected?
11 - Over time, the same old friends have developed Sidi Mohamed 'Strategies to eat in the hands of the general, president democratically elected and militarily.
12 - Today the Genral and his political party became a sweeper truck. They catch everything in their path.
13 - Abdel Aziz knows that his party is odorless, colorless and tasteless. It takes the shape of the container that contains it. Am I talking about the spirit's quality of drinking water? It should simply say that the party of Abdel Aziz is not potable. It will be the first to applaud a coup against ... Abdel Aziz.
14 - Several of the current opponents are nothing other than old autocrats who refuse to go 'retirement. Several young people who are in opposition, are because Abdel Aziz refuses to reach out for reasons only known Abdel Aziz.
15 - We certainly have some real opponents of the regime in place but they are counted on the fingertips.

THE REAL CHANGE WILL COME FROM THE STREET! THOSE IN POWER AND THE PEOPLE WHO SPEAK NO OPPOSITION TO HAVE THE STOMACH AND STRATEGY / OR THE POCKET. Mauritanians Mauritanians ORDINARY AND TURKEYS ARE FILLING THEIR ENDLESS.

Ben Ali has never thought that the end of his regime was coming to an unemployed person called Mohamed Bouazizi who sought only to 'sell some fruit to survive. EVERYTHING THAT OUR PEOPLE CALL AND ALL WE ASK IN THE NAME OF OUR PEOPLE IS THAT THESE SYSTEMS AND CRIMINALS fools who GOVERN THE AFRICAN COUNTRIES AGREE TO RECOGNIZE THE HUMANITY 'IN AFRICA AND THAT OF THE AFRICAN.

Prof. Coulibaly (Refugee food USA)

Install Izotope To Soundforge 9

must review the definition of the word opposition in Mauritania.

look closely the following elements:
1 to 2005 there was a coup. Opponents have always been around the world to accept the coup d'etat.
2 - A presidential election was held despite the president's CMJD. Sidi Mohamed was' elected.
3 - Messoud which has only 5 MP's became the President of Parliament.
4 - Chief of army staff of the new democratically elected president, made an alliance with the MP's of the majority ... to make a presidential coup d'etat.
5 - The leader of the opposition accepts the coup because he always thought that it was he who should be president of the republic.
6 - and some former opponents of the ruling party become the new opposition.
7 - To the surprise of the world, opponents of the new coup d'etat accept agreements that exclude definitively Dakar Chairman which is democratically elected.
8 - Several leaders of the opposition to the coup, are themselves candidates to replace the president who is elected democartiquement.
9 - The General who made the coup d'etat was elected. He had resigned, while remaining in the middle of his battalion military, the presidency. The President of the Senate who is temporarily acting has never left his office of the president.
10 - Did I forgot to tell you that the official leader of the opposition was the side of the military who became president elected?
11 - Over time, the same old friends have developed Sidi Mohamed 'Strategies to eat in the hands of the general, president democratically elected and militarily.
12 - Today the Genral and his political party became a sweeper truck. They catch everything in their path.
13 - Abdel Aziz knows that his party is odorless, colorless and tasteless. It takes the shape of the container that contains it. Am I talking about the spirit's quality of drinking water? It should simply say that the party of Abdel Aziz is not potable. It will be the first to applaud a coup against ... Abdel Aziz.
14 - Several of the current opponents are nothing other than old autocrats who refuse to go 'retirement. Several young people who are in opposition, are because Abdel Aziz refuses to reach out for reasons only known Abdel Aziz.
15 - We certainly have some real opponents of the regime in place but they are counted on the fingertips.

THE REAL CHANGE WILL COME FROM THE STREET! THOSE IN POWER AND THE PEOPLE WHO SPEAK NO OPPOSITION TO HAVE THE STOMACH AND STRATEGY / OR THE POCKET. Mauritanians Mauritanians ORDINARY AND TURKEYS ARE FILLING THEIR ENDLESS.

Ben Ali has never thought that the end of his regime was coming to an unemployed person called Mohamed Bouazizi who sought only to 'sell some fruit to survive. EVERYTHING THAT OUR PEOPLE CALL AND ALL WE ASK IN THE NAME OF OUR PEOPLE IS THAT THESE SYSTEMS AND CRIMINALS fools who GOVERN THE AFRICAN COUNTRIES AGREE TO RECOGNIZE THE HUMANITY 'IN AFRICA AND THAT OF THE AFRICAN.

Prof. Coulibaly (Refugee food USA)

Spices In Venison Sausage

Pluto Records reissued Après Ski!

Well now, here we go.

The Pluto Records, home edition intimately linked to Garage Sales, will launch on January 25 next edition vinyl and the digital soundtrack of the legendary soft-porn film Après Ski Quebec, whose funk songs are found in the B-side envy of collectors. Blissfully, the disc is distributed internationally by Light in the Attic .

You can read the full story of Après Ski here on Garage Sale .

Be the part with us, so that the group will perform songs Erotic PQ soundtracks of films erotic wave "undress the Quebec", January 28 at the Cercle, Quebec City, and Jan. 29 at Divan Orange in Montreal.

We also invite you to a party after viewing the film Ski and its soundtrack, alongside DJ Legacy, none other than Sebastian's blog Heritage PQ, film Blue Sunshine in Montreal, Friday, January 21 next.

Find all the details on the website Disks Pluto. Order the disk via Light in the Attic .

Meanwhile, listen to audio excerpts from the soundtrack. The garage sale and Pluto Records wish you a warm winter, hot, hot!

Buy the MP3s via Bandcamp .

The sweet fox - Illustration


Grand Marc - Illustration


Arabesque (pièce inédite!) - Orchestre de studio.

**************

This is it!


Pluton records, Vente de garage's reissue label, is launching the mythical Après Ski OST. Get all the details, in english, on Pluton's website . Order the record throught Light in the Attic or buy the MP3s through Bandcamp . Get the whole Après Ski story, right here, on Vente de garage . English translation at the end of post.


Join us at the record launch party if you can!